SOP Penyiapan Sampel Pengamatan

Di Indonesia, penyiapan sampel umumnya dilakukan oleh pihak ketiga yang diminta tolong oleh para mahasiswa. Tak jarang, mahasiswa akhirnya membutuhkan kocek lebih untuk mendanai penelitiannya karena itu. Oleh karena itu, jumlah sampel yang digunakan terbatas dan juga kualitasnya tidak bisa diatur sendiri oleh yang sedang meneliti. Tapi percayalah, kualitas yang dibuat oleh lembaga - lembaga penyedia tersebut semuanya sangat baik, tergantung bagaimana kita memperlakukan sampelnya setelah di tangan kita. 

Melakukan persiapan sampel oleh tangan sendiri memang dirasa tidak mudah apalagi terbayang alatnya seperti apa. Tidak salah juga berpikiran demikian karena saya sendiri juga berpikiran yang sama sebelumnya sampai titik saya harus membuat sampel itu sendiri tanpa bantuan pihak ketiga. Ketika sekolah di Jepang, proses penelitian harus dilakukan sendiri semua oleh yang meneliti dengan mengikuti arahan yang sudah ada untuk masing - masing alat. Aturan yang sama berlaku bagi mahasiswa dari S1 sampai asisten profesor sekalipun. Seluruh pihak yang akan bekerja harus tahu apa yang mereka kerjakan dari yang terkecil dan paling remeh tapi sebenarnya sangat penting untuk menghasilkan data yang baik. 

Berikut tata cara persiapan sampel yang bisa dilakukan jika kamu sedang sekolah di Jepang atau sedang kepikiran untuk membuat alatnya sendiri di Indonesia. 

Cutting

Cutting is one of main processes in the preparing samples. From the big one should be reduced into small part for analysis. The important part from samples, such as sulfides veining or quartz texture, is taken to describe the most representative ones. Cutting process could be divided into bigger diamond saw or small diamond saw one. 

1. Set diamond saw into the cutter. Ensure the bolts in proper condition. Ensure the diamond saw surface before using it. If it is broken, don’t use it for safety reasons. 
2. Set water pipe to chill diamond saw when cutting.
3. Prepare sample and choose the right part that will be analysed.
4. Run the water flow and cutter. Run cutter by pushing button with foot. 
5. Put sample in sample holder. Make sure whether sample is moving or not. Try to keep it in stable position.
6. Move sample holder and cut rock slowly and constantly. Pushing button with foot when cutting continuously. If sample is moving or not stable, the surface will be rough. It implies to polishing process. 
7. If sample is too big, sample could be cracked by hydraulic pressure.
8. Cut sample into proper size, about slide glass cover. Cut it slowly and safely. 

Mounted Section

Mounted section is usually to be used to observe faster some ore samples and grain samples. Sulfides samples are well observed with this section. Here are the procedures to do it:

1. Prepare the samples to be used. In this procedure, grains sample will be used as object. Grains are ruby and sapphire.
2. Prepare sample holder to mount samples. It consist two parts which can be opened into upper part and bottom part. Both of it should be locked.Clean sample holder with ethanol. Cover sample holder with vaseline to make sample easier removed.
3. Prepare the mixing resin or epoxy to mount samples. Resin is mixed with hardener with certain composition depend on resin type. It could be 100 ml of resin to 0.5 ml hardener for Epofix. Take digital scale to weigh the glass for resin and hardener mixing. Normalize to zero before weighing resin and hardener. Weigh resin firstly then put hardener based on preferred ratio. Mix fast after putting hardener with plastic stick or toothpick. Rest of epoxy can be stored in refrigerator to keep it in better condition until 3 months or in room temperature for 1 month only. If the frozen one wants to be used again, warm it for short time in hot plate.
4. Put grains sample into bottom part of sample holder after put epoxy or vaseline. Lock sample holder with upper part.
5. Put epoxy until 1.0 – 1.2 cm height carefully. If air bubbles are found inside the epoxy, it doesn’t matter as long as lower part in flat surface
6. Wait for one day or 8 – 12 hours to epoxy get epoxy harden. Heating the samples is not suggested because epoxy colour will change from transparent to yellowish.         
7. After one night, remove mounted samples from sample holder. Removing can be done by unlocking sample holder and removing sample.
8. Clean sample before polishing it. 
9. Polish sample gradually. Polish lower part if it is not flat with coarse grain, #160 or #300. Polish main surface gradually from coarse grain to very fine grain. It is from #160 > #300 > #600 > #800 > #1000 > #2000 > #3000. Polish surface carefully to avoid scratches in minerals, like ruby or sapphire. After polishing in certain grain, wash sample cleanly and carefully. In fine grain, electric cleaner can be used. Check polished surface carefully whether it has been shinny under light source or observe with reflection microscope to get better view of polished minerals part. Try to distinguish natural scratches and made ones. Some minerals have clear natural scratches. Polish edges of mounted sample to reduce sharp parts which can break diamond cover or blanket when polishing with diamond paste.
10. Polish sample with diamond paste gradually. Clean sample with distilled water carefully or use electric cleaner for 5 – 10 minutes. Diamond polish can be done in two ways. Manual way to be used directly by hand. Second one is using polishing machine. Set polishing machine. Put proper diamond cover before polishing. It could be determine based on what minerals are looked for. It consists to sulfides or silicate cover. Put lubricant inside bottle in the top. Set its rate 1 drop per 30 seconds. Put diamond paste in cover for several drop. Size of diamond paste can be decided from 3 µm to 1 µm. Take 3 µm diamond pastes. Set sample to sample holder to get better height of sample position in machine using double tape. Put sample in the machine by setting it in one of holder and pushing with load. Set speed of machine into 125 or middle speed so sample will not break. Wait for 10 minutes or more to get better polished surface result. After finishing, check again the surface with reflection microscope to identify surface. If it is well polished, remove the sample holder and clean it. 
11. Clean sample carefully with electric cleaner.
12. Keep ready mounted sample inside special box. Use diamond pen to put name in the sample and clay to maintain sample position.